约翰生在《斯威夫特传》中的偏见 Johnson’s Bias on Swift in His Life of Swift开题报告

 2023-02-21 09:54:55

1. 研究目的与意义

As the most significant literary figure of the mid to late 1700s, Samuel Johnson is a distinguished poet, novelist, lexicographer, editor and critic best known for his literary criticism. Lives of Poets is his famous work compromising short biographies and critical appraisals of 52 poets. As regards the lives of those poets Samuel Johnson composed the biographical composition from three perspectives: a biography gleaned primarily from secondary sources, a brief characterization of poets, and Johnson’s substantive critical comments on their works.

Jonathan swift is an Anglo-Irish poet, essayist and political pamphleteer, widely acknowledged as the greatest prose satirist in the history of English literature. After the publication of Lives of the Poets, Samuel Johnson’s description of Jonathan Swift has sparkled constant controversy among scholars and critics. This research mainly analyzes the prejudice and reasons behind it in Johnson’s Life of Swift which not only helps readers know Johnson’s principles for judging poets but also gain a profound insight into Swift.

2. 研究内容和预期目标

The Life of Swift is a thorough review of the life and works of Jonathan Swift. Detailedly combing through the main life passage of Swift, Johnson also made perspicacious comments by his own critical standards. Through analyzing the prejudice reflected in the record, the paper targets atproviding the reasonable explanation for why Johnson showed prejudice against Swift and knowledge about Johnson’s critical style.

Centering around the prejudice shown in the book, the paper is divided into three parts. The first part mainly discusses specific prejudice against Swift in the book from three perspectives: the prejudice against Swift’s depreciation of females, the prejudice against his beneficence to the poor, and the prejudice against his aesthetic deficiency in writing especially in choice of words and vocabularies. The second part digs into reasons behind such prejudice against Swift in terms of three aspects. The first reason is concerned with the similarity between Johnson and Swift. The second reason is about Swift’s different writing style from Johnson’s. The third reason is pertinent to their political stances. The third part is a brief conclusion of Johnson’s overall attitude towards Swift’s life and works.

3. 国内外研究现状

For a long time, much research both domestically and overseas has been carried out on Samuel Johnson, who has always been a significant figure in the history of literature. There are many biographies and biographers of Samuel Johnson, but the most renowned one is written by the famous Scottish biographer, James Boswell, who made friends with Samuel Johnson. Life of Samuel Johnson by James Boswell began with a critical and popular success and stands for a landmark in the development of the modern genre of biography. The biography is mainly based on the Boswell’s diaries dealing with conversations with Johnson.

Among many famous works by Samuel Johnson, The Lives of Poets enjoys the most popularity which has received mixed opinions after its publication. With regards the book, Samuel Johnson’s dislike of Jonathan Swift has sparkled a constant interest among scholars and critics. Commentators on this issue have tended to attribute the attitude as an inherent prejudice and have questioned the possible roots of such prejudice. From James Boswell’s repeated comments that Johnson obviously had an unaccountable prejudice against Swift and his pointed question to discover the source to Walter Raleigh''''s facile summation that an essential difference in their characters separated them, speculation has been persistent, if not always rewarding. Meanwhile, W.B.C Watkins put forward the well-documented theory that Johnson and Swift were more alike than different in circumstance and personality.

Although close attention has been paid to digging out main causes behind the prejudice, the unified organization of these research has not been achieved and there still have been many studies on this subject till now. Besides the relevant excerpts about Swift’s life experiences, personality and writings in The Life of Swift, there are also many pertinent comments by Boswell, Sheridan and other writers to analyze the obvious prejudice expressed by Johnson, and Boswell''''s Life of Samuel Johnson and W.B.C. Watkins'''' Perilous Balance and other literary critics also mention the main reasons behind Johnson''''s prejudice against Swift.

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4. 计划与进度安排

Outline

1. Prejudice against Johnathan Swift

1.1 Depreciation of females

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5. 参考文献

Feng,L.(2020). Pope, Johnson and Swift: A Comparison of their Poetic Styles and Views on Human Nature. Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature,1(2)37-43

Gubar, S. (1977). The Female Monster in Augustan Satire. Signs, 3(2), 380–394. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3173290

Greene, D. (1992). The Myth of Johnson’s Misogyny: Some Addenda. South Central Review, 9(4), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/3189477

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